(1) all elements without exception to reduce the electrical and thermal conductivity of copper rods, where elements solidly dissolved in copper rods, resulting in lattice distortion of copper rods, so that free electrons directional flow of wave scattering, so that the resistivity increases, on the contrary, there is no solid solubility or very little solid solubility of elements in copper rods, the copper rods of the conductive and thermal conductivity of the impact of very little, it should be noted in particular that some elements in the copper rods in the solid solubility of copper rods with the lowering of the temperature and the intense Decrease to precipitation of monomers and metal compounds, both solid solution and diffusion of copper alloy, but also on the conductivity of the conductivity is not much lower, which is important for the study of high-strength and high-conductivity alloy alloy alloy is an important alloying principle, it should be particularly noted that the iron, silicon, zirconium (not the wrong), chromium, four elements and the alloy composed of copper rods is an extremely important alloy of high-strength and high-conductivity alloys; due to the alloying element of the performance of the copper rods is the superimposed effect of the alloying elements, which CoCr -Zr system alloy is a famous high strength and high conductivity alloy.
(2) copper-based corrosion-resistant alloy organization should be single-phase, to avoid the emergence of a second phase in the alloy caused by galvanic corrosion. For this reason, the alloying elements added in the copper bar should have a large solid solubility, or even infinite mutual solubility of the elements in the engineering application of single-phase brass bar, bronze bar, white copper bar have excellent corrosion resistance, is an important heat exchange materials.
(3) copper-based wear-resistant alloy organization are the existence of soft phase and hard phase, so in the alloying must ensure that the elements added in addition to solid solution in the copper rod, there should also be a hard phase precipitation, copper rod alloy in the typical hard phase Ni3Si, FeALSi compounds, etc., a phase should not be greater than 10 %.
(4) solid-state polycrystalline transformation of copper alloy with damping properties, such as Cu a Mn system alloys, solid-state thermoelastic martensitic transformation process of alloys with memory properties, such as Cu a Zn an Al, Cu an Al a Mn system alloys.
(5) the color of copper rods can be changed by adding alloying elements, such as the addition of zinc, aluminum, tin, nickel and other elements, with the change in content, the color also occurs in red, green, yellow and white changes, reasonable control of the content of the material will be obtained imitation of gold and imitation of silver alloys.
(6) copper rods and alloys alloying the elements selected should be commonly used, cheap and non-polluting, the elements added should be in line with the principle of a small number of pluralistic, alloying raw materials can be utilized comprehensively, the alloy should have excellent process performance, suitable for processing into a variety of finished and semi-finished products.
