In 1958, China included iron, chromium and manganese as ferrous metals; 64 metals other than iron, chromium and manganese were included as non-ferrous metals. What are non-ferrous metals? What are ferrous metals and what is the difference between nonferrous and ferrous metals? Steel, pig iron, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, these are familiar terms of our life, which belong to the metal, which are non-ferrous metals, which are ferrous metals, sometimes we tend to be unclear.
First, what are non-ferrous metals?
The narrow sense of non-ferrous metals, also known as non-ferrous metals, is a collective term for all metals other than iron, manganese and chromium. The broad sense of non-ferrous metals also includes non-ferrous alloys. Non-ferrous alloy is a non-ferrous metal as a base (usually more than 50%), adding one or several other elements and the composition of the alloy. Therefore, non-ferrous metals are all metals other than iron, manganese and chromium and their non-ferrous alloys.
In practice, non-ferrous metals are usually divided into 5 categories
1, light metals: density less than 4500 kg / m3, such as aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium and so on.
2, heavy metals: density greater than 4500 kg/m3, such as copper, nickel, cobalt, lead, zinc, mercury and so on.
3, precious metals: the price is more expensive than the general often than the metal, low abundance of crust, purification difficulties, such as gold, silver and platinum group metals.
4, semi-metallic: nature of the price between metal and non-metal, such as silicon, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, boron, etc..
5, rare metals:
(1) rare light metals such as: lithium, rubidium, cesium, etc.;
(2) rare refractory metals such as: titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, tungsten and so on;
(3) rare dispersed metals such as: gallium, indium, germanium, thallium and so on;
(4) Rare earth metals such as: scandium, yttrium, lanthanum metals;
(5) radioactive metals such as: radium, francium, polonium and a system of elements in the uranium, thorium and so on.
Second, what are ferrous metals?
Ferrous metals are metals and alloys with iron as the basic component, at present we often say ferrous metals mainly refers to iron, complex, manganese and alloys. Such as steel, pig iron, stainless steel, etc. are ferrous metals. Steel and pig iron are based on iron, carbon as the main added elements of the alloy, collectively known as iron-carbon alloys. Pig iron is the iron ore into the blast furnace smelting products, mainly used in steelmaking and manufacturing castings. The casting pig iron into the iron furnace smelting, get cast iron (liquid), in the liquid cast iron casting into castings, this cast iron is called cast iron. Ferroalloy is composed of iron and silicon, manganese, chromium, titanium and other elements of the alloy, it is one of the raw materials for steelmaking, steel in the steelmaking deoxidizer and alloying element additives. The pig iron used for steel making is put into the steel making furnace and then smelted according to certain technology, and finally steel is obtained. Steel products are ingots, continuous casting billets and direct casting into a variety of steel castings. Often referred to as steel, generally refers to the steel rolled into a variety of steel.
Third, the difference between non-ferrous and ferrous metals:
Through the recognition of non-ferrous and ferrous metals, we already know: ferrous metals mainly refers to iron, complex, manganese and alloys. And non-ferrous metals in addition to iron, manganese, chromium, all metals and their non-ferrous alloys. This is the most direct difference between them.
